Smoking is more dangerous than obesity despite the flawed Rand report

back to healthread                               back to tobacco page

The Rand Report on obesity  

Update: 2005: The CDC has admitted that a mathematical error produced the statistic that obesity deaths would exceed smoking deaths in the next five years.  It was a software error, they told the press.

For those curious about this, who missed this gem, here is the headline which has been reported by the media twice at six month intervals, making top headlines:
 
>>>>
Survey: Obesity greater health risk than smoking<<<<<
 
 
In case you are wondering where the Rand Institute got this interesting result, which disagrees with even the most fat phobic medical sources, here's the description of the 'study':
 
 
>>>>>"The telephone survey, which was conducted in 1998, asked 9,585 adults about their weight, height, smoking and drinking habits, income and quality of life. They also were asked if they had any of 17 chronic health problems, including asthma, cancer, diabetes and heart problems." <<<<<
 
 
I don't wish to be unreasonably skeptical but to refer to reviewing a  1998 telephone survey of the public  as a 'scientific research study' as the news media repeated called this study, seems more than mere "literary license"!   The fact remains, few people can accurately describe a specific problem they are having with their doctor, let alone accurately portray their state of health to a telephone surveyor.

In the Rand Study (and I STILL cannot locate the funding for this other than through another organization called the Robert Wood foundation which ironically has done several anti smoking studies!), telephone surveyors asked thousands of people they called, 8 questions, among which were their height and weight and six others about their general health.  The first problem is that without actually measuring and weighing these people we cannot get an accurate estimation of what their weight (or height) really was!  Of course, accuracy seemed not a really important factor in this "study", which the media is STILL quoting!

"But who needs data when you can spoon-feed junk science to a gullible media?"
- Steven Milloy, Fox News

In this study and also another by the Rand Institute which "proved" that obesity occurs more health care costs than smoking does, the judgment on whether a person was obese or not, was strictly done by weight alone, according to BMI standards (Body Mass index).  But BMI is notoriously inaccurate as far as judging anything.  For instance, any athlete interviewed would likely show up as "obese" by their weight alone when in fact most athletes carry a very low percentage of bodyfat.  In fact, many TV stars considered to be absolutely "fit" and "hunks" measure in the obesity zone if their BMI is computed!

Also, have you ever met a smoker who is honest about their health status?  All of them are "very healthy" ... until they get hit with complications of tobacco usage. 

Finally, according to the 20 year studies of the Cooper Institute of 20,000 men, it was observed that the key factor in both longevity and health was the amount of exercise the individual was doing, REGARDLESS of the size or weight of the individual.  The Cooper Institute studies are highly respected and were used as a basis for the 1996 Surgeon General's Statement on Exercise.  This document proclaimed NOT exercising to be as risky as smoking a pack of cigarettes a day.
 
So what is the Rand Institute? Their homepage is:

www.rand.org
 
They are a large corporation with over 1000 employees which apparently will do telephone or analysis research for anyone paying for the service.  Listed among the Rand Institute founding sources, I found several drug companies which make diet pills. I found no information on the funding partners of the Robert Wood foundation which supposedly funded the obesity study, despite searching their two sites:

 www.rwjf.org
 
And the site on funding partners:

http://www.lifp.org/

Researching the two scientists, Kenneth Wells and Roland Sturm did not turn up any more information except that Sturm rides his bike to work in San Diego (can't be all bad! **smile**).  The other odd thing I found about this study was that although the Rand Institute is located in San Diego and the study was apparently funded by American sources, the study was originally published in a British public health journal.
 
It appears that by the indirect reporting of the funding source, they have successfully managed to hide WHO REALLY funded this 'study', perhaps because if we could see the funding source, we might establish an EASY link to the diet or tobacco industries, both of which have much to gain by a pronouncement against obesity.
 
What is the truth about smoking and obesity?  While smoking has been established as playing a part in 400,000 deaths per year, no direct link to obesity and illness or obesity and death has been made (see Gaesser, Glenn, PHD: BIG FAT LIES: NY, 1996, CA, 2002). The often misquoted McGinnis-Foege study found that in 300,000 deaths per year, factors playing a part were sedentary lifestyle and 'dietary factors'.  Authorities seem to agree that while obesity may be a symptom of a less than healthy lifestyle, it has not been established as a CAUSAL factor in any study.
(JAMA 270 - Nov 10, 1993 pp 2207-2212)

This Rand report would be amusing if it weren't for the fact that people will believe it, will buy more diets and continue to spend large amounts of money on cigarettes which is of course, what the tobacco lobby would like to see.
 
So let's see, with the Rand report based on a _telephone survey_:  

1. those selling diets win

2. those selling cigarettes win (because people will figure if they diet... see #1... they won't have to give up smoking)

3. Pulmonologists, cardiologists and other medical providers win in treating the numerous conditions from both undereating and smoking.  

And all at the expense of the one group who LOSES - the consumer.   

Which, of course, is the usual bottom line!

SueW (who has not patronized the tobacco industry since 1981 and also rides a bike - recumbent of course, to work!)  

Heathread

Sources:

Pool, Robert: FAT - FIGHTING THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC (NY, 2001)
Colles, Lisa: FAT - EXPLODING THE MYTHS (London, 1998)
Fraser, Laura: LOSING IT (NY, 1998)

On the web:

Obesity a killer? The evidence is slim to say the least!